Do you Know How Hybrid Paddy Seeds Are Made ?
🔬 1. Selection of Parents
Two distinct rice varieties are selected:
Female Parent (A Line) – Male sterile (cannot produce pollen).
Male Parent (R Line) – Provides pollen (fertile).
A third line (B Line) is also sometimes used to maintain the female parent.
🌱 2. Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) Technique
The female line is made male sterile so it cannot self-pollinate.
This helps in ensuring that the only pollen used is from the selected male parent.
🤝 3. Cross Pollination
The male parent is planted near the female line.
Natural agents (like wind or insects) or manual pollination help the female flowers receive pollen from the male plants.
🌾 4. Seed Production
The seeds formed in the female plant are hybrid seeds (F1 generation).
These seeds contain genetic material from both parents, combining the best traits of both.
✅ 5. Harvesting Hybrid Seeds
These F1 seeds are harvested and processed.
They are sold to farmers for cultivation.
🔁 Important to Know:
Hybrid seeds are not reusable: Farmers need to buy new seeds every season because saved hybrid seeds (F2) may not maintain the same performance or yield.
Advantages: High yield, early maturity, better pest/disease resistance.
Disadvantages: Higher cost, cannot reuse seeds, requires proper water/fertilizer management.
🧠 Test Your Knowledge: Hybrid Paddy Seed Production
✅ Q1. What is the main purpose of producing hybrid paddy seeds?
A) Reduce water requirement
B) Increase seed shelf life
C) Achieve higher crop yield
D) Reduce sunlight requirement
👉 Answer: ✅ C) Achieve higher crop yield
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✅ Q2. What is the name of the technique used to make female rice plants male sterile?
A) GMO method
B) CMS (Cytoplasmic Male Sterility)
C) Dwarfing gene method
D) Hybridization by pollinators
👉 Answer: ✅ B) CMS (Cytoplasmic Male Sterility)
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✅ Q3. Why can't farmers reuse hybrid paddy seeds (F1) for the next season?
A) They expire quickly
B) Legal restriction
C) Second generation seeds lose hybrid vigor
D) Seeds turn poisonous
👉 Answer: ✅ C) Second generation seeds lose hybrid vigor
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✅ Q4. Which two parent lines are required to produce hybrid paddy seeds?
A) A line and C line
B) Female (A line) and Male (R line)
C) Seed line and Clone line
D) Root line and Shoot line
👉 Answer: ✅ B) Female (A line) and Male (R line)
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✅ Q5. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of hybrid paddy?
A) Uniform growth
B) Higher yield
C) Cheaper seed cost
D) Disease resistance
👉 Answer: ✅ C) Cheaper seed cost
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📌 Conclusion:
Hybrid paddy seed production is a scientific process that helps increase rice yield and improve quality. Understanding CMS, parent lines, and F1 generation is essential for agriculture-related exams.
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